This article was originally written by OneSignal. You can it out on their blog here. 

Before OneSignal, our company was a mobile game studio called Hiptic Games. Our experiences at Hiptic helped us see the need for a simpler, more reliable, and more powerful messaging platform to improve user engagement.

In many ways, we built OneSignal with game developers in mind. The top 25% of mobile games have an average Day 28 retention of just 4% and the cost of acquiring a user that eventually makes a purchase is over $40 USD. Yet, the vast majority of mobile games still don’t implement basic best practices for improving user engagement and retention through messaging.

In this guide, we’ll walk through the four main user-engagement channels that every mobile game studio may want to leverage — Push Notifications, In-App Messaging, Email, and SMS — and the best practices for each. We’ll refer to the OneSignal platform for examples of how game developers can implement these techniques, but the lessons and best practices apply regardless of the implementation path you choose.

Ask For Push Notification Permission

The way you ask for Push Notification permission in your game is an important area to start with because so many game developers get it wrong.

iOS and Android both have entirely different ways of managing user permissions for notifications. But we see some of the greatest mistakes made by games on the iOS platform.

How about… No! When was the last time you clicked “Allow” to notifications without a clear understanding of what you were signing up to receiver? Yet, it seems nearly half of the top mobile games on iOS ask for push notification permission when the app is first downloaded without any added context.

Game developers tend to provide one of two explanations for this less-than-ideal prompt:

1. They haven’t gotten around to asking in a better way: This is one of the sadder reasons we’ve heard. Push notifications are often the only way to re-engage inactive users, yet many game developers don’t value them as a channel. Asking users for permission with the basic native iOS permission dialog is a bad user experience. Attention to detail here is just as important as it is in the rest of a game’s design.
2. Their opt-in rate is higher than doing it a different way: We’re always skeptical of this claim. What other ways have they tried that could be worse? It’s also important to consider the quality of opt-ins. Gamers who are more sophisticated, more experienced, and more likely to spend money are likely more inclined to click “Don’t Allow” without more context.

Apple recommends that developers always provide context when asking for notification permission:

“Make the request in a context that helps the user to understand why your app needs authorization. In a task-tracking app that sends reminder notifications, you could make the request after the user schedules a first task. Sending the request in context provides a better user experience than automatically requesting authorization on first launch, because the user can more easily see what purpose the notifications serve.”

You always want to give the user a clear incentive and understanding of why they should grant notification permission. In a game, some common reasons might be:

1. To get a notification when their friend sends them a virtual gift.
2. To be notified when an in-game event begins.
3. To be notified when their energy meter is full so they can make more progress in the game.

One of the better implementations is Halfbrick’s new Fruit Ninja 2, which provides an excellent two-step permission prompt that users trigger during early gameplay.

The Push Notification Pre-Prompt in Fruit Ninja 2

Remember that once users click “Don’t Allow” on the iOS native permission dialog, you don’t get another chance to show it, so you need to make that chance count. We recommend making sure that users are genuinely interested in opting into notifications when you show it. But be careful not to wait too long. If you wait to ask after 15 minutes of gameplay, you’ll miss the opportunity to send re-engagement notifications to users who don’t make it that far.

Provisional Notifications are an option

Apple provides a powerful but rarely-used feature to send notifications to users on a trial basis, without the user needing to click “Allow” on a permissions dialog. Players can then evaluate the notifications and decide whether to authorize them.

These “Provisional Notifications” have several limitations, including not showing up on the lock screen, but they are an excellent way to message users who have not yet provided direct notification permission.

Tools like OneSignal can help simplify the process

OneSignal’s In-App Messaging feature can be used to simplify the process of asking for push notification permission without extra required code. Developers can also customize the permission prompt on the OneSignal dashboard without requiring new versions of the app to be released.

What about Android?

Android apps don’t need to request system-level permission to send notifications. However, many games choose to give users additional control and context on the notifications they receive.

Topwar Studios does this well for the Android version of their game “Top War: Battle Game”

OneSignal has several features to make this easier to implement, including the OneSignal.setSubscription() method. This method can be used to turn on or off notifications for the current device. OneSignal also has a feature called Tags, which are key/value pairs that can be used to store the user’s notification preferences for the device.

Starting in Android Oreo (8.0+), Google introduced the concept of Notification Categories (Sometimes called “Notification Channels”). All Android apps must define at least one notification category and then send notifications linked to this category.

Android applications can set various default properties of each category, such as the importance level or notification sound. Users can also override these settings for each application in their device settings.

Despite the powerful features of Categories, many games don’t use them correctly. For example, “Top War: Battle Game” only has two notification categories. The second one listed, “AdMob Offline Notifications,” is related to a bug in Google’s AdMob SDK.

If they chose to do so, Top War could link their in-game notifications to these category settings, so users have a more consistent user experience.

For OneSignal clients, the OneSignal dashboard and SDK provide several features to make it easier to create and manage Android Notification Categories without adding extra code or releasing app updates when modifications are made.

OneSignal’s Android Category Management UI

How about asking for email?

One surprising finding is that the vast majority of mobile games do not prompt players for their email. But when we talk to growth leaders at top game companies, they resoundingly recommend email as a crucial channel for re-engagement and increased revenue.

There are three primary reasons to collect user email:

1. Email is an excellent channel to use alongside notifications for user engagement. Especially since not all users opt-in to notifications – Since emails are very affordable to send (OneSignal’s pricing scales affordably for both small and large companies), emails act as a second channel to keep users engaged.
2. Email works exceptionally well for adult gamers, who are also more likely to make in-game purchases – One product manager from a big game company reported a 20% lift in revenue from top spenders after targeting them with email campaigns.
3. With the deprecation of IDFA, email is a crucial identifier for retargeting users – A common strategy for user re-engagement is to show ads to players on platforms like Facebook. With Apple’s decision to deprecate the Identifier for Advertisers (IDFA) in early 2021, email becomes the best possible user identifier to use for targeted advertising.

Getting users to provide their email addresses can sometimes be difficult, so it’s crucial to provide users with content and incentive. Supporting sign-in with Facebook or other providers can help streamline the process and skip the need to validate email addresses.

One crucial detail is that Apple’s recent policy updates require applications that provide login through third-party services to provide “Sign in with Apple” as an equivalent log in option.

Bubblegum Games’ “Project Makeover” chooses to provide both “Sign in with Apple” and “Sign in with Facebook” as options as ways to get users’ emails and create profiles for users to see their progress. Each option has a clear in-game incentive to maximize conversion rates.

Project Makeover by Bubblegum Games uses “Sign”

Project Makeover chooses not to ask users for an email in other ways, which may reduce their opt-in rate, but this also removes users’ need to confirm their email before receiving messages.

When sending emails, it’s critical to provide value to the reader at every touchpoint. High open rates and engagement rates will help improve your email’s visibility to users (and reduce the chance that your emails end up in the spam folder).

Source: https://reallygoodemails.com/emails/be-one-of-the-first-to-play-mighty-quest-on-mobile

Is SMS worthwhile?

SMS is one of the least commonly used messaging channels for games, and for a good reason: SMS messages with an image can cost 2 cents to send or more, depending on the country, which can get expensive quickly.

However, when used in games with a high player LTV (Lifetime Value), SMS is a compelling channel to stay connected to users. SMS has the highest open rate of all channels, and SMS links get clicked by about 19% of recipients, in contrast to just 2% or 3% for email.

Games or apps that choose to require user accounts may be the best able to utilize SMS. For example, the game video app Donut offers “continue with phone number” as login and identity verification mechanism.

This comes in handy to apps when they want to stay connected to their users, even those that may have uninstalled the app. In this case, to collect user feedback:

It may also work well for segments of particularly valuable customers, like those who have previously made an in-game purchase.

OneSignal supports all three channels — Push, Email, and SMS, and unifies the features in a single platform and SDK to make it easy to implement messaging and personalization across these channels.

Content and Frequency of messages to send

Hellosaurus does an excellent job of setting up a notification drip campaign to drive user conversion to their subscription service while sprinkling in various updates about their app.

In general, messages sent by games fall under one of the four categories:

1. In-game events that occur
2. Game news
3. Promotions

In each case, it’s crucial to think of the message as a core part of the user experience with your app. If your messages’ quality does not match the quality of your in-game experience, users are much more likely to block your messages or uninstall your game entirely.

Just as games require creativity to make a fun in-game experience, games can bring this creativity to the messaging experience outside of the game as well.

Keep in mind that people sometimes have hundreds of apps on their device, with gamers being the most prolific in installing new apps. Given this, every message you send, whether over push, email, or SMS must:

1. Stand out from the crowd.
2. Be relevant to its recipient.

Generic messages such as “You haven’t played in a while. Come back today.” are unlikely to have much of an impact on user retention. However, personalized messages or those that provide an incentive perform far better: “George, your hero is nearly at level 10. Get double XP for every level you complete today.”

The frequency of messages you send may vary greatly and depend on the messaging channels you’re using.

Some of the best apps have found that there’s practically no limit to how many push notifications you can send, as long as each one is part of an overall excellent user experience. An important technique is to make notifications that are not time-sensitive be delivered silently. If done well, notifications can act as a core experience of your game, providing a valuable experience to the user when they look at their device and drawing them in at the right time.

For games that are concerned about user churn if they send too many messages, a good rule of thumb is to send the same number of daily notifications (or emails) as to how frequently players open the game. For example, if new users play a game roughly three times in the first week after installing it, then three messages per week is a reasonable limit.

Leverage modern messaging capabilities to make your messages stand out

Every messaging channel comes with a unique set of capabilities to make the messages more visible, engaging, or powerful. Yet, many of these capabilities are often overlooked by game developers.

iOS Notifications

In new versions of iOS, notifications can have a wide range of interactive customization options, including images, gifs, videos, and more.

Services like OneSignal help to simplify the process of creating these interactive notifications with built-in support for rich media, along with example code and documentation.

iOS notifications can also be customized with custom sounds, grouped into threads, or made to replace a previous notification.

Android Notifications

Similar to iOS, Android notifications support a wide range of customizations, including various image sizes, notification sounds, notification privacy settings (via Notification Categories), background images, interactivity options, and more.

Source: https://material.io/design/platform-guidance/android-notifications.html#templates

Some of the more advanced customization on the Android platform can get complicated due to the need to support a wide range of Android devices and operating system versions. In general, we recommend using all of the basic Android notification features, including images and custom categories, and then gradually expanding the usage of more advanced features as you grow your app.

In-App Messages

There’s no “one best way” to create in-app messages, but just like every other part of your game, applying creativity, design, and a user-experience focused mindset is vital.

Tools like OneSignal can simplify this process by providing a simple but powerful WYSIWYG editor for in-app message creation and targeting. OneSignal also allows in-app messages to be created and customized without needing to update your app.

Email

Contrary to what many believe, email continues to be an evolving channel. It’s never been more critical to make sure the emails you send are well designed and leverage modern email features.

When it comes to design, Really Good Emails is an excellent resource for design ideas and inspiration. Keep in mind that players can read emails on many devices, and optimizing for the mobile email experience is often best.

New email features like Google’s “Dynamic Email” can be handy for products where email is a core part of the experience.

Source: https://www.blog.google/products/gmail/take-action-and-stay-up-to-date-with-dynamic-email-in-gmail/

Advanced features may not make sense for some mobile games, but when used correctly, they can make a huge positive impact on user engagement and experience.

SMS

Finally, SMS has had fewer changes over the years and generally has limited support for visual customizations. For this reason, the text content of your SMS message is more important than anything else.

SMS messages should be heavily personalized, relevant, and timely for the user. Given that they can be disruptive to users and expensive to send, they should be used sparingly and only when it makes sense.

Future versions of Android will begin to categorize messages into “personal, transactions, OTP (one-time passwords), offers, and more.” There’s also been gradual progress on a new SMS update called RCS, that will bring more interactivity and customization to messages, but this has yet to be widely supported or adopted.

Analyzing the performance of your messages

“What’s a typical open rate for a message?” is one of the most common questions we hear from users. There’s no one right answer since the values will vary greatly depending on the message’s purpose, the channel it is sent on (push, email, or SMS), and the user base.

However, it’s critical to track the ongoing performance of the messages you send to compare and refine your messaging strategies.

Opens or clicks are often not a useful metric. In the case of push notifications, many users who receive a message may open the app from its icon rather than tapping the notification itself. Furthermore, message clicks may not be closely correlated with long term user engagement or monetization.
For this reason, we recommend instrumenting tracking of multiple message metrics, including:

• Receive Rate (Did the user receive the message?)
• Open Rate (For email opens)
• Click Rate
• App Influenced Opens (How many users opened the app within a short time after receiving a message)
• Custom Outcome Events (Could be engagement rate, purchases, or other desired actions)

Tools like OneSignal can provide insight into some of these metrics for each channel. These metrics can also be integrated with and sent to existing analytics systems that you may use to track in-game user activity. This analytics connection is an important component of analyzing the short and long term impact of your messages.

Want direct access to more helpful content? Subscribe to OneSignal’s notifications to stay in the loop. Or have a read of their other guide on 7 Deadly Messaging Sins in Mobile Games. 

Editor’s note: This article was originally published by the crew at OneSignal. Check out the original article here. 

You know how powerful player messaging can be. It can improve a game’s experience and enrich competition. It can engage new gamers and win back churned players.

Although the potential benefits are compelling, there are also examples of messaging channels detracting from the game experience. As a result, many savvy game developers overlook opportunities to enhance their game experience with messaging because they’re afraid of what might go wrong.

Getting mobile messaging right takes some skill and thoughtfulness. We pooled our collective knowledge, along with input from leading mobile development studios, to create a list of seven common messaging mistakes in the gaming industry and how you can avoid them.

Sin #1: Leading With an Opt-in Request

Imagine you’re a bored commuter. You head to the App Store, scroll through the top free games, and download one that catches your eye. You tap the game’s icon, excited to get started. But then something happens that sours the whole experience.

The first thing you see — before the main menu, or tutorial — is a context-free request to opt-in to push notifications.

As our CEO George Deglin explains, some apps like chat apps can get away with this order of operations, but mobile games can’t.

“Users understand why a chat app wants to send them notifications,” he explains. “But if they’re playing a mobile game, they’ll want to know why it needs to send them notifications. It’s a weird and confusing experience.”

The Solution

Games should take advantage of something called the reciprocity principle. The gist is that you should offer value before you ask for something in return. In other words, allow your players to play your game and experience the gameplay before asking to send them notifications.

Morgan Andre, a marketing leader at Flaregames, experimented with this a couple of years ago. By moving opt-in requests to later in the game (specifically, when players unlocked their first chest), he doubled their opt-in rate from 25 percent to 50 percent.

Sin #2: Distracting Gamers From Achieving Flow

The Holy Grail of game development is flow state. It’s that feeling of being “in the zone,” where a player is focused solely on the game. If your game is achieving that, the last thing you want to do is shatter a player’s concentration with a promotional message.

The Solution

Solving this problem involves changing how you think about messaging. Rather than thinking of messaging channels as purely promotional in nature, consider how your communication strategy could enhance the player experience. For example, puzzle games often use in-app messages to provide hints to players when they get stuck. Rather than interrupting their flow, these highly personal, well-timed messages keep players engaged and motivated.

There are other ways to avoid interrupting players and still build a strong messaging strategy. For example, you can automatically dismiss messages after a stipulated time frame so that a player can read your message without stopping gameplay to remove them.

Sin #3: Offering All-or-Nothing Communication Options

When churned users give their reasons for uninstalling a game, message relevancy and message volume regularly rank among their top concerns. That’s understandable — no one wants to be bombarded by unwanted messages throughout the day.

Here’s the thing: messaging preferences are highly personal. One player may view certain types of messages as a hindrance, but another player might view the same messages as beneficial. The same concept is true for messaging channels — some people prefer push notifications, others prefer text messages. Yet most games don’t offer players the choice to dial back notifications and customize their messaging preferences. Usually, they provide an all-or-nothing option: either you turn off notifications entirely or you receive every type of notification.

The Solution

Allow your players to edit their notification settings within the game, rather than forcing them to exit the game and update their phone’s system preferences. If you send different types of notifications, offer more granular options, too. Empower players to choose the type of message they want to receive. Do they want to hear about game updates? Do they want to know when friends sign up? Do they want core game notifications? Allowing players to dictate their messaging preferences will improve the game experience and ensure that your messaging strategy is perceived positively.

Sin #4: Underestimating Gamers’ Communication Preferences

Contrary to cultural stereotypes, the gaming vertical has a higher threshold for communication than many other sectors. When you think about it, it makes sense. Games with daily interactions (such as wheel spins, item cooldowns, level unlocks, and so on) need to build a strong messaging strategy in order to deliver a seamless experience.

While an online shopper might get annoyed at an e-commerce brand messaging them every day, mobile gamers often depend on consistent communication from games to know when they should take action and keep them informed about key developments.

The Solution

Good messaging is timely, personal, and actionable. So long as you’re adding value, you should feel comfortable experimenting with different types of communication and message frequency. If average engagement dips, you can always make changes and find a happy medium.

Sin #5: Sending Messages on Generic Schedules

Mobile games are designed to fill time in our schedules. When you’re waiting for a taxi, you might squeeze in a quick round of Candy Crush or Among Us. If you’re not feeling sleepy at night, you might chase a third star on a tough Angry Birds level.

Mobile games are “snackable.” While that’s great for consumption, it creates fresh challenges for messaging. If each individual player is active for short bursts at unique times, when should you schedule messages to send? At eight in the morning when people are commuting? At lunchtime? Later in the evening when they’re preparing for bed? When you consider the fact that users live in different time zones, seemingly broad targets like “morning” and “lunchtime” can become difficult to define.

The Solution

There’s no one-size-fits-all when it comes to message scheduling. According to Tapjoy, people most often open a mobile game when they’re watching TV (70 percent), relaxing at home (67 percent), or heading to bed (59 percent). Finding the optimal sending time means personalizing your sending schedule to each person. Really, there’s no way to do that manually. Instead, search for a messaging platform with a built-in intelligent delivery feature.

Sin #6: Diluting Your Creativity and Personality

Game developers are some of the most creative people on the planet. Who else would have predicted that slicing fruit would be so fun? But so many developers and studios keep their creativity locked within their games. When it comes to player communication, developers often opt for generic messaging in an attempt to play it safe.

This mistake is twofold. Firstly, boring messages aren’t effective. People receive hundreds of messages each day and boring messages won’t help your game stand out from the competition. Secondly, boring messages can create a disconnect between your game and the messaging experience. Imagine you’re playing a wacky time management kitchen game where you’re cooking rainbow burgers for unicorns. A message saying, “Hey Jane, do you want to play today?” doesn’t match the look and feel of the game and can be jarring as a result.

The Solution

Don’t be afraid to show your personality in your messaging strategy. Just because a message sits in the system tray doesn’t mean it should sound like a system update.

If your game is funny, be funny. If your game is sarcastic, be sarcastic. Use emojis, images, videos, and GIFs. Treat your messages as an extension of your game and an opportunity to delight your users.

Sin #7: Building a Messaging System From Scratch

User communication is an important part of modern mobile games. But building communication infrastructure from scratch takes substantial time and resources. When you’re pouring your heart and soul into a game, the last thing you want to do is spend time working on a supporting infrastructure that will require long-term maintenance. But doing the research required to answer the question of “build vs. buy” can be a hurdle in and of itself.

The Solution

Unless you have unlimited resources at your disposal, choosing a messaging provider is one of the best ways to save time, development resources, and hassle. In a hyper-competitive industry like mobile gaming, it’s hard to overlook the benefits of a system that is versatile, reliable, easy to implement, and doesn’t require any upkeep. On top of those benefits, messaging platforms like OneSignal offer a robust free plan and offer powerful gaming industry integrations, so you can get started without incurring any risk.

Learn More About Gaming Messaging Strategy

Download our comprehensive e-book to learn how top gaming studios use different messaging channels and uncover key use cases and best practices to retain players in a competitive gaming market. Or sign up for our newsletter today to never miss an update.